CQ CQ de JF3KNW

還暦を迎え、身の丈に合った、無理をしない、シンプル・ライフ備忘録

バトラー後藤裕子 2015年 岩波新書

本書「おわりに」から抜粋

子どもは語学学習の天才であるかのような思い込みは、保護者はもちろんのこと、一部の教育関係者や政策立案者の間でも根強い。

そこで、外国語の習得について、科学的に何がわかっていて何が憶測なのかを、一度きちんと整理してみたいと思ったのが、この本を執筆することになった直接の動機である。

実証研究の結果を整理したうえで、何が現実的な期待であり、どのような形で早期外国語学習を導入してあげることが子どもたちにとってよいのかを考えてみたかったからである。

目次から抜粋

第1章 逃したらもう終わり? ―臨界期仮設を考える
第2章 母語の習得と年齢
   1 赤ちゃんの言語習得
   3 手話の発達と習得開始年齢
第3章 第二言語習得にタイムリミットはあるか
   1 子どもの耳は本当に優れているのか
   3 母語と第二言語の語彙習得はトレードオフの関係?
   5 脳科学は救世主となるか
第4章 習得年齢による右上がりの線 ―先行研究の落とし穴
   1 年齢と習得期間のジレンマ
第5章 第二言語学習のサクセス・ストーリー
   1 大人から始めてもネイティブなみに話せるようになるか
第6章 外国語学習における年齢の問題
   1 「早いほど良い」という神話
   2 学習開始時期か授業時間数か
   3 読み書きの習得
第7章 早期英語教育を考える
   1 早期開始より量と質
   2 読み書きの導入
   3 誰が指導するのか
   4 英語分断社会

2月1日付 425DX News #1761から抜粋

PERIOD(D/M)     CALL                                                      425#
till  01/02      HQ9Y: Roatan Island (NA-057)                           1760
till  02/02      VP5/KD8RTT: Caicos Islands (NA-002)                   1760
till  03/02      ZD7DPX: St. Helena Island (AF-022)                     1759
till  04/02      PJ2/PD1DRE: Curacao (SA-099)                           1757
till  05/02      8Q7KW: Maldives (AS-013)                               1759
till  05/02      V47JA: St. Kitts (NA-104)                             1759
till  06/02      P29XZ: Papua New Guinea (OC-034)                       1759
till  07/02      C5PL: The Gambia                                       1760
till  08/02      8R1TM: Guyana                                         1755
till  15/02      9X2AW: Rwanda                                         1760
till  16/02      PJ7/VA3QSL: Sint Maarten (NA-105)                     1756
till  28/02      TJ/TK1CX: Cameroon                                     1755
till  01/03      J52EC: Guinea-Bissau                                   1757
till  15/03      C5SP: Gambia                                           1759
till  15/03      JG8NQJ/JD1: Minami Torishima (OC-073)          1759
till  02/04      TY5C: Benin                                           1755
till  08/04      PJ2/W2APF: Curacao (SA-099)                           1757
till  01/09      V73KW: Marshall Islands                               1746
till  30/09      C21TS: Nauru (OC-031)                                 1760
01/02-06/02      9G5IK: Ghana                                           1759
01/02-17/02      HP1TT: Panama                                         1760
01/02-12/04      6W7/ON4AVT: Senegal                                   1760
04/02-18/02      VP2ECV: Anguilla (NA-022)                             1761
04/02-20/02      S79/VE3BRU: Mahe (AF-024), Seychelles          1761
05/02-18/02      D44OA: Sal Island (AF-086), Cape Verde          1759
06/02-10/02      A975IARU: special callsign                             1761
06/02-14/02      5V0DX: Togo                                           1759
06/02-04/03      V4/K0YA and V47Y: St. Kitts (NA-104)                  1761
07/02-11/03      P4/KE4TT: Aruba (SA-036)                               1761
08/02-15/02      ZD7KYD: St. Helena Island (AF-022)                    1761
08/02-20/02      TM22AAW: special callsign (France)                     1761
11/02-16/02      H7RRC: Isla del Cardon (IOTA NA-212)              1759
11/02-16/02      YN6RRC: POTA NI-0055                                   1759
11/02-18/02      VK9/W5EIT: Cocos (Keeling) Islands (OC-003)  1761
12/02-23/02      V73WW: Majuro (OC-029), Marshall Islands        1759
14/02-23/02      TY2AA: Benin                                           1759
16/02-04/03      FS/VA3QSL: Sint Maarten (NA-105)                    1756
18/02-04/03      VK9XU: Christmas Island (OC-002)                     1757
19/02-25/02      TI1RRC: Isla del Cano  (IOTA NA-117)                  1759
19/02-25/02      TI1RRC: POTA CR-0018                                   1759
26/02-28/02      A9100IARU: special callsign                           1761
February         5N9DTG: Nigeria                                       1760
February         AU2V: Sacrifice Rock (AS-161)                         1760
February         HR5/F2JD: Honduras                                     1749
February (?)     TZ1CE: Mali                                           1761
February         V31DJ and V31DK: Belize                               1761
February         ZS7ANF: Wolf's Fang Runway, Antarctica            1749


AFRICA TRIP ---> Antonio, IK7WUL  is going on a humanitarian mission trip to
Africa; in his spare time he might be QRV  -  most likely on 10 metres SSB -
as follows (dates are tentative):
1-6 February    Ghana           9G5IK
6-14 February   Togo            5V0DX
14-23 February  Benin           TY2AA

5N     - 5N9DTG [425DXN 1758]  is expected  to be  QRV  from Abuja,  Nigeria
         starting  "around 25 January for two weeks".  This will be a  2-man
         activity from 160 to 6 metres,  with the  highest priority given to
         FT8/FT4. See https://www.qrz.com/db/5N9DTG for their planned trans-
         mit frequencies. QSL via Club Log's OQRS.
         "Right after that  we are heading to  ZS  land to meet our southern
         ocean vessel  to make a lot of preparation for the   most important
         one..."  (according to  their previous announcements,  it should be
         Bouvet).[https://www.facebook.com/rebeldxgroup]
C5     - Przemo, SP3PS  is again active as  C5SP  from the Gambia until mid-
         March. He can operate SSB and FT8 on 80, 40, 30, 20, 17, 15, 12 and
         10 metres. QSL via home call.
P2     - Xu, BG5DON will be working near Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (OC-
         034)  between  18 January  and  30 May.  In his spare time,  mostly
         during the weekends,  he will be active as P29XZ  on 20, 17, 15, 10
         and 6 metres FT8, running low power (10 watts). [TNX The Daily DX]
TZ     - Ulmar, DK1CE will be active again as  TZ1CE  from  Bamako, Mali be-
         tween  28 January and 20 February.  Usually he operates  mainly SSB
         and FT8  on  160-6 metres.  QSOs will be  uploaded to Club Log  and
         LoTW, and will be confirmed automatically via the bureau.
V4     - Once again John, W5JON will be active as V47JA from  St. Kitts (NA-
         104) between 26 January and 5 February. He will operate SSB and FT8
         on various bands. QSL via LoTW, or direct only to W5JON.
6W     - Willy, ON4AVT  will be active  again  as  6W7/ON4AVT  from  Warang,
         Senegal between  1 February and 12 April.  QSL via LoTW,  eQSL,  or
         Club Log's OQRS.
9X     - Harold, DF2WO will be active again as 9X2AW from Rwanda between  27
         January and 15 February. Usually he operates CW, SSB and FT8/FT4 on
         160-6 metres, and via QO-100. QSL via M0OXO's OQRS.
A9     - A9100IARU  is the  special callsign  for the  Bahrain Amateur Radio
         Society  to celebrate the  100th anniversary  of the  International
         Amateur Radio Union.  Look for activity  for  five days  each month
         during 2025. QSL via EC6DX.
C5, 6W - LB0OG, SP1C, SP1FM and SQ1GU will be active as C5PL  from the Tanji
         Bird Reserve (POTA GM-0004), The Gambia  between  31 January and  7
         February.  They will operate  CW, SSB, FT8  and  maybe FT4  on 80-6
         metres, with a focus on 20-10 metres.  QSL via LoTW  and Club Log's
         OQRS. They also plan side trips to the West Kiang Marine Park (POTA
         GM-0008) as C5PL/p, and the Delta du Saloum National Park (POTA SN-
         0002), Senegal as 6W/homecall/p.
FP     - The Radio Club de Provins (F6KOP) has announced its intention to be
         active as FP5KE from Ile aux Marins, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon  (NA-
         032) this year.  A team of  16 operators  will be active  on  160-6
         metres,  and probably also on  2m EME,  for a minimum of  ten days.
         Although FT8 and FT4  will not  be neglected,  the DXpedition  will
         focus on  CW,  SSB and  RTTY.  Further details,  including specific
         dates and a website, will be provided in due course.
H4     - Bernhard, DL2GAC will be active again as  H44MS  from Malaita  (OC-
         047), Solomon Islands between  9 February and 7 May.  Usually he is
         QRV on a  daily basis,  with activity on  80-6 metres  SSB and FT8.
         QSL via home call, direct or bureau.
KH9    - Allan, KH7AL is active as KH7AL/KH9 in his spare time while on work
         assignment on Wake Island (OC-053).  "I have a little less than two
         months to go on this trip until I head home for a month",  he says.
         According to his new website (https://kh7al.site), his next activi-
         ties are scheduled as follows:
         2 February +/- 20:00 UTC on 10m SSB
         3 February +/- 07:30 UTC on 12m SSB
         17 February +/- 07:30 UTC on 12m CW (QRS, 17 WPM)
         17 February +/- 19:30 UTC on 10m CW (tentative)
         QSL via LoTW,  QRZ Logbook,  or via home call  (direct and bureau);
         logsearch on Club Log.
P4     - Marty, KE4TT, will be active as  P4/KE4TT from  Aruba (SA-036)  be-
         tween 7 February and 11 March.  He will operate  CW, SSB and FT8 on
         various HF bands.  QSL via LoTW, Club Log's OQRS, or direct to home
         call.
S7     - Bruno, VE3BRU  will be active again as  S79/VE3BRU  from Mahe  (AF-
         024), Seychelles on 4-20 February.  He will operate  CW and SSB  on
         40-10 metres. QSOs will be uploaded to LoTW, Club Log and eQSL.
TA     - Special callsign TC8DX  will be active on  5-17 February  to honour
         the memory of  Mustafa Asim Ezer (TA8DX),  who lost his life in the
         catastrophic earthquake that struck Turkey on 6 February 2023.  QSL
         via LoTW, and certificate on https://tadx.org/awards.
V3     - Walt, W0CP  and his wife  Mary, K0ZV will be active again as  V31DJ
         and V31DK, respectively, from Belize  during the month of February.
         Walt  will participate in  the ARRL DX CW Contest  and  in the  FOC
         Marathon. QSLs via LoTW, Club Log's OQRS,  or direct to home calls.
         [TNX The Daily DX]
V4     - Tom, K0YA will be active as V4/K0YA from St. Kitts (NA-104)  from 6
         February to 4 March. He will participate in the  ARRL DX CW Contest
         (15-16 February) as V47Y. QSL via LoTW.
VK9C   - Larry, W5EIT  will be active  holiday style as  VK9/W5EIT  from the
         Cocos (Keeling) Islands (OC-003) on 11-18 February. He will operate
         mainly CW and FT8 on 40-10 metres,  and he may try  RTTY or SSB  if
         conditions permit. See https://w5eit.org/vk9c/ for more information
         and updates. QSL via LoTW.
VP2E   - Chuck, KG9N will be active as VP2ECV from Anguilla (NA-022) on 4-18
         February. QSL via home call and LoTW.
ZD7    - Gan, KY8D will be active as ZD7KYD from  St. Helena Island (AF-022)
         on 8-15 February. He will operate CW on 60-10 metres.  His expected
         modus operandi  is detailed on  https://www.qrz.com/db/ZD7KYD.  QSL
         via LoTW, or direct to KY8D.

2月はひと月の間に日の出時刻が28分早くなる。
日の入り時刻は26分遅くなる。
合わせると約1時間昼間の時間が長くなる。
月末に向けて気候も暖かくなり、バンドコンディションも春型に変わってくることを期待したい。

1月31日付 神戸新聞から抜粋

    日の出    日の入り
2月 1日 6:58 17:28
2月10日 6:50 17:37
2月20日 6:39 17:47
2月28日 6:30 17:54

節分 2月2日  立春 2月3日  雨水 2月18日

1月25日付 425DX News #1760, 1759から抜粋

PERIOD(D/M)     CALL                                                      425#
till  25/01      HI59UD: special callsign                               1758
till  25/01      VE3VSM/HR9: Roatan Island (NA-057), Honduras           1757
till  26/01      FG/VA3QSL: Guadeloupe (NA-102)                         1756
till  26/01      JW2T and JW/LB5SH: Longyearbyen (EU-026), Svalbard 1759
till  26/01      TX7WW: Marquesas Islands (OC-027)                     1756
till  26/01      VP5/OE3GEA: Providenciales (NA-002)                   1759
till  27/01      FM/F4IFF: Martinique (NA-107)                         1759
till  27/01      TX7MAS: Marquesas Islands (OC-027)                     1756
till  27/01      TX7N: Marquesas Islands (OC-027)                       1756
till  28/01      GB2KW: special callsign (Scotland)                     1756
till  28/01      GB5KWD and GB6KW: special callsign (England)           1756
till  28/01      GB9KW: special callsign (Wales)                       1756
till  28/01      P40AA: Aruba (SA-036)                                 1759
till  28/01      TG9BBV: Guatemala                                     1758
till  30/01      CN2REB: Morocco                                       1751
till  31/01      GB200LB: special callsign (Scotland)                   1756
till  31/01      K3Y: Straight Key Century Club                         1756
till  03/02      ZD7DPX: St. Helena Island (AF-022)                     1759
till  04/02      PJ2/PD1DRE: Curacao (SA-099)                           1757
till  05/02      8Q7KW: Maldives (AS-013)                               1759
till  08/02      8R1TM: Guyana                                         1755
till  28/02      TJ/TK1CX: Cameroon                                     1755
till  15/03      C5SP: Gambia                                           1759
till  15/03      JG8NQJ/JD1: Minami Torishima (OC-073)                 1759
till  02/04      TY5C: Benin                                           1755
till  08/04      PJ2/W2APF: Curacao (SA-099)                           1757
till  30/05      P29XZ: Papua New Guinea (OC-034)                       1759
till  01/09      V73KW: Marshall Islands                               1746
till  30/09      C21TS: Nauru (OC-031)                                 1760
till  31/12      A9100IARU: special callsign                           1760
26/01-27/01      TX100REF: Marquesas Islands (OC-027)                   1756
26/01-05/02      V47JA: St. Kitts (NA-104)                             1759
26/01-31/01      XT: Burkina Faso * by IK7WUL                           1759
26/01-01/03      J52EC: Guinea-Bissau                                   1757
27/01-15/02      9X2AW: Rwanda                                         1760
27/01-16/02      PJ7/VA3QSL: Sint Maarten (NA-105)                     1756
28/01-02/02      VP5/KD8RTT: Caicos Islands (NA-002)                   1760
28/01-20/02      TZ1CE: Mali                                           1759
31/01-07/02      C5PL: The Gambia                                       1760
January          5N9DTG: Nigeria                                       1760
January          H40DA: Pigeon Island (OC-065), Temotu Province         1757
January          HR5/F2JD: Honduras                                     1749
January          TR8CR: Gabon                                           1746
January          ZS7ANF: Wolf's Fang Runway, Antarctica                 1749

5N     - 5N9DTG [425DXN 1758]  is expected  to be  QRV  from Abuja,  Nigeria
         starting  "around 25 January for two weeks".  This will be a  2-man
         activity from 160 to 6 metres,  with the  highest priority given to
         FT8/FT4. See https://www.qrz.com/db/5N9DTG for their planned trans-
         mit frequencies. QSL via Club Log's OQRS.
         "Right after that  we are heading to  ZS  land to meet our southern
         ocean vessel  to make a lot of preparation for the   most important
         one..."  (according to  their previous announcements,  it should be
         Bouvet).[https://www.facebook.com/rebeldxgroup]
8Q     - Ilian, LZ5KW  will be active as  8Q7KW  from  the Maldives (AS-013)
         starting on  22 January for two weeks.  He will operate  mainly CW,
         with some SSB and FT8, on 80-10 metres.  QSL via LoTW or via LZ1JZ;
         QSOs will be uploaded to Club Log. [TNX The Daily DX]
C5     - Przemo, SP3PS  is again active as  C5SP  from the Gambia until mid-
         March. He can operate SSB and FT8 on 80, 40, 30, 20, 17, 15, 12 and
         10 metres. QSL via home call.
FM     - Dom, F4IFF will be active as  FM/F4IFF  from Martinique (NA-107) on
         19-27 January.  He will operate  SSB  and  digital modes  on the HF
         bands, and will use Club Log's Live Stream. QSL direct to EB7DX.
JD1_mt - Take, JG8NQJ/JD1  is currently QRV  from  Minami Torishima (OC-073)
         [425DXN 1749].  His QSL manager reports that  at the end of January
         Take will  QRT on 10 metres,  and be active  on 12 metres  instead.
         Also, sometime in late January-early February he will be able to be
         QRV on 20 metres. Take operates  mainly CW  in his spare time.  QSL
         via the bureau to JG8NQJ, or direct to JA8CJY.
JW     - Kristoffer, LB0VG and Stian, LB5SH will be active from Longyearbyen
         (EU-026), Svalbard from about 15:00 UTC on 24 January  until around
         10:00 UTC on 26 January (https://lb5sh.no/).  They will operate SSB
         and CW as JW2T, and FY8/FT4 as JW/LB5SH, with two stations on  160-
         10 metres.  QSOs will be  uploaded to  Club Log,  whose Livestreams
         feature will be enabled.  QSL  JW2T via LoTW,  QRZ Logbook,  or via
         EA5GL. QSL JW/LB5SH via LoTW and QRZ Logbook (no paper cards).
P2     - Xu, BG5DON will be working near Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (OC-
         034)  between  18 January  and  30 May.  In his spare time,  mostly
         during the weekends,  he will be active as P29XZ  on 20, 17, 15, 10
         and 6 metres FT8, running low power (10 watts). [TNX The Daily DX]
P4     - Mathias, DL4MM will be active again as P40AA from Aruba (SA-036) on
         18-28 January, CQ WW 160-Meter CW Contest included. He will operate
         CW, SSB and FT8 on  160-10 metres.  QSL via Club Log's OQRS,  LoTW,
         or via DL4MM. TNX [NG3K]
TZ     - Ulmar, DK1CE will be active again as  TZ1CE  from  Bamako, Mali be-
         tween  28 January and 20 February.  Usually he operates  mainly SSB
         and FT8  on  160-6 metres.  QSOs will be  uploaded to Club Log  and
         LoTW, and will be confirmed automatically via the bureau.
V4     - Once again John, W5JON will be active as V47JA from  St. Kitts (NA-
         104) between 26 January and 5 February. He will operate SSB and FT8
         on various bands. QSL via LoTW, or direct only to W5JON.
VP5    - Gerhard, OE3GEA  will be active  holiday style  as  VP5/OE3GEA from
         Providenciales (NA-002) on 23-26 January. He will operate CW on 30-
         10 metres. QSLs via OE3GEA, direct or bureau.
Z8     - Ken, K4ZW expects to be active as  Z81Z  from Juba, South Sudan  on
         20-24 January.  He will operate  CW and some SSB  on various bands;
         once in Juba he will see if activity on the low bands  is possible.
         QSL via LoTW, Club Log's OQRS, or via K4ZW. [TNX The Daily DX]
ZD7    - Giovanni, IZ2DPX  will be active holiday style as  ZD7DPX  from St.
         Helena Island (AF-022)  from  21 January  to  3 February.  He  will
         operate SSB  and  digital modes  from  ZD7CTO's  QTH.  QSL via Club
         Log's OQRS, or direct to IK2DUW.
6W     - Willy, ON4AVT  will be active  again  as  6W7/ON4AVT  from  Warang,
         Senegal between  1 February and 12 April.  QSL via LoTW,  eQSL,  or
         Club Log's OQRS.
9X     - Harold, DF2WO will be active again as 9X2AW from Rwanda between  27
         January and 15 February. Usually he operates CW, SSB and FT8/FT4 on
         160-6 metres, and via QO-100. QSL via M0OXO's OQRS.
A9     - A9100IARU  is the  special callsign  for the  Bahrain Amateur Radio
         Society  to celebrate the  100th anniversary  of the  International
         Amateur Radio Union.  Look for activity  for  five days  each month
         during 2025. QSL via EC6DX.
C5, 6W - LB0OG, SP1C, SP1FM and SQ1GU will be active as C5PL  from the Tanji
         Bird Reserve (POTA GM-0004), The Gambia  between  31 January and  7
         February.  They will operate  CW, SSB, FT8  and  maybe FT4  on 80-6
         metres, with a focus on 20-10 metres.  QSL via LoTW  and Club Log's
         OQRS. They also plan side trips to the West Kiang Marine Park (POTA
         GM-0008) as C5PL/p, and the Delta du Saloum National Park (POTA SN-
         0002), Senegal as 6W/homecall/p.
HR     - Sejo, N3UA expects to be active as HQ9Y from Roatan Island (NA-057)
         between 22 January and 1 February. QSL via E73Y.
VP5    - Tony, KD8RTT will be active  holiday style as  VP5/KD8RTT  from the
         Caicos Islands  (NA-002)  from  28 January to 2 February.  "My main
         radio focus  will be  on satellites,  FM, APRS, and SSB",  he says,
         "but I will have basic capabilities for  QRP FT8  and SSB on HF  as
         well". QSL via LoTW, or direct to home call. See https://kd8rtt.com
         for updates.

 

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